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液壓油檢測(cè)14個(gè)技術(shù)指標(biāo)

Hydraulic oil testing for 14 technical indicators

在一定溫度、轉(zhuǎn)速下，四球機(jī)的鋼球在潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)下不發(fā)生卡咬的最大負(fù)荷，此指標(biāo)測(cè)量值越高，說(shuō)明液壓油潤(rùn)滑性能越好。

At a certain temperature and rotational speed, the maximum load at which the steel balls of the four-ball machine do not seize under lubrication conditions is measured. The higher this value, the better the lubricating performance of the hydraulic oil.

油品在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的條件下冷卻時(shí)，能夠繼續(xù)流動(dòng)的最低溫度稱為傾點(diǎn)，不能流動(dòng)的最高溫度稱為凝點(diǎn)，二者通常差3℃。

測(cè)定樣品的凝點(diǎn)時(shí),將試樣裝在規(guī)定的試管中，并冷卻到預(yù)期的溫度時(shí)，將試管傾斜45°，經(jīng)過1min，觀察液面是否移動(dòng)，記錄試管內(nèi)液面不流動(dòng)時(shí)的最高溫度作為凝點(diǎn)。

傾點(diǎn)高的液壓油，不能在低溫下使用，否則由于潤(rùn)滑油在低溫下失去流動(dòng)性，堵塞油路不能保證潤(rùn)滑。

The pour point is the lowest temperature at which the oil can still flow when cooled under standard conditions, while the cloud point is the highest temperature at which the oil ceases to flow; the two usually differ by about 3°C.

When determining the cloud point of a sample, the sample is placed in a specified test tube and cooled to the target temperature. The test tube is then tilted at 45°, and after 1 minute, the liquid surface is observed. The highest temperature at which the liquid surface inside the test tube does not move is recorded as the cloud point.

Hydraulic oil with a high pour point cannot be used at low temperatures; otherwise, the lubricant will lose fluidity at low temperatures, blocking oil passages and failing to ensure lubrication.

抗乳化性好的液壓油，遇水后，雖經(jīng)攪拌振蕩，也不易形成乳化液，或雖形成乳化液但是不穩(wěn)定，易于迅速分離。

若液壓油中的機(jī)械雜質(zhì)較多，或含有皂類、酸類及生成的油泥等，在有水存在的情況下，液壓油就容易乳化，抗乳化性差的油品，其抗氧化安定性也差。

Hydraulic oil with good anti-emulsification properties does not easily form emulsions after contact with water, even after stirring or shaking, or if emulsions do form, they are unstable and separate quickly.

If the hydraulic oil contains a large amount of mechanical impurities, or contains soaps, acids, and generated sludge, the hydraulic oil is prone to emulsification in the presence of water. Oils with poor anti-emulsification properties also have poor oxidative stability.

粘度就是液體的內(nèi)摩擦，絕大多數(shù)的潤(rùn)滑油是根據(jù)其粘度來(lái)分級(jí)的，是各種機(jī)械設(shè)備選油的主要依據(jù)。運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度的單位是mm2/s，通常用厘斯(cSt)。

企業(yè)選擇液壓油粘度時(shí)，需要根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的工作溫度、壓力、元件類型等因素確定合適的粘度范圍。高溫環(huán)境下應(yīng)選用粘度較高的液壓油，如68號(hào)（cst），低溫環(huán)境下，應(yīng)選擇粘度較低的液壓油，如32號(hào)（cst），或低溫抗磨液壓油。

安美可提供不同粘度的耐高低溫優(yōu)質(zhì)液壓油，企業(yè)可根據(jù)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境選擇，既能滿足高溫作業(yè)需求，也能兼容低溫工況。

Viscosity is the internal friction of a liquid. The vast majority of lubricants are classified based on their viscosity, which is the main criterion for selecting oil for various mechanical equipment. The unit of kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, commonly expressed in centistokes (cSt).

When selecting the viscosity of hydraulic oil, enterprises need to determine the appropriate viscosity range based on factors such as the operating temperature, pressure, and component types of the hydraulic system. In high-temperature environments, hydraulic oils with higher viscosity, such as ISO VG 68 (cSt), should be chosen. In low-temperature environments, oils with lower viscosity, such as ISO VG 32 (cSt), or low-temperature anti-wear hydraulic oils should be selected.

Anmei can provide high-quality hydraulic oils with various viscosities that are resistant to both high and low temperatures. Enterprises can select according to their production environment, meeting the demands of high-temperature operations while also being compatible with low-temperature conditions.

粘度指數(shù)可以用來(lái)衡量潤(rùn)滑油粘度受溫度變化影響的程度。它的值越高則說(shuō)明粘度受溫度影響越小，液壓油在冷熱環(huán)境下都能保持更穩(wěn)定的粘度，粘度指數(shù)越低則說(shuō)明粘度受溫度影響越大。

The viscosity index measures the extent to which the viscosity of a lubricant is affected by temperature changes. The higher the value, the less the viscosity is influenced by temperature, allowing the hydraulic oil to maintain more stable viscosity in both hot and cold environments. Conversely, a lower viscosity index indicates greater sensitivity of viscosity to temperature changes.

在規(guī)定的條件下加熱，當(dāng)油溫達(dá)到某溫度時(shí)，液壓油的蒸汽和周圍空氣的混合氣，一旦與火焰接觸，即發(fā)生閃火現(xiàn)象，最低的閃火溫度稱為液壓油的閃點(diǎn)。

閃點(diǎn)是液壓油的貯存、運(yùn)輸和使用的一個(gè)安全指標(biāo)，也是潤(rùn)滑油的揮發(fā)性指標(biāo)。閃點(diǎn)低的潤(rùn)滑油，揮發(fā)性高，容易著火，安全性較差。企業(yè)應(yīng)選擇閃點(diǎn)比使用溫度高 20-30℃的液壓油。

Under specified conditions, when the oil is heated to a certain temperature, the mixture of hydraulic oil vapor and surrounding air will ignite upon contact with a flame. The lowest temperature at which this flash occurs is called the flash point of the hydraulic oil.

The flash point is a safety indicator for the storage, transportation, and use of hydraulic oil, as well as a measure of the volatility of the lubricant. Lubricants with low flash points have high volatility, are prone to ignition, and have poorer safety. Enterprises should select hydraulic oils with flash points 20-30°C higher than the operating temperature.

水分表示油品含水量的多少，用質(zhì)量百分比表示。正常情況下，油品不應(yīng)含水分，若水分含量小于0.03%，則認(rèn)為是痕量水分，若沒有水分時(shí)，認(rèn)為是無(wú)。

水分存在，將破壞液壓油膜，使?jié)櫥Ч儾?，加速油中有機(jī)酸值對(duì)金屬的腐蝕作用，造成對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備的銹蝕，并導(dǎo)致油中的添加劑失效，水分存在時(shí)液壓油乳化的可能性加大。

Moisture indicates the water content in the oil, expressed as a mass percentage. Under normal circumstances, the oil should contain no moisture; if the moisture content is less than 0.03%, it is considered trace moisture, and if there is no moisture, it is regarded as none.

The presence of moisture will damage the hydraulic oil film, deteriorate the lubrication effect, accelerate the corrosion of metals by organic acid values in the oil, cause rust on mechanical equipment, and lead to the failure of additives in the oil. When moisture is present, the possibility of hydraulic oil emulsification increases.

液壓油中不溶于汽油或苯的沉淀和懸浮物，經(jīng)過濾而分出的雜質(zhì)，稱為機(jī)械雜質(zhì)。

液壓油的機(jī)械雜質(zhì)來(lái)源主要是潤(rùn)滑油在使用、貯存和運(yùn)輸中，混入外來(lái)物，如灰塵、泥沙、金屬碎屑、金屬氧化物和銹末等。機(jī)械雜質(zhì)越多，液壓系統(tǒng)磨損、拉傷、劃痕、堵塞油路、油嘴、濾油器。當(dāng)液壓油機(jī)械雜質(zhì)大于0.1%就達(dá)到了換油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Mechanical impurities refer to the precipitates and suspensions in hydraulic oil that are insoluble in gasoline or benzene and are separated by filtration.

The sources of mechanical impurities in hydraulic oil mainly come from foreign substances mixed into the lubricating oil during use, storage, and transportation, such as dust, sand, metal debris, metal oxides, and rust particles. The more mechanical impurities there are, the more wear, scoring, scratching, and blockage of oil passages, nozzles, and filters occur in the hydraulic system. When the mechanical impurities in hydraulic oil exceed 0.1%, it reaches the oil change standard.

如果油品的抗泡性不好，在液壓系統(tǒng)中形成了很多泡沫，而且不能迅速破除，則將影響液壓油的潤(rùn)滑性，增強(qiáng)它的氧化速度，影響液壓系統(tǒng)壓力傳遞。

If the oil has poor anti-foaming properties, many bubbles will form in the hydraulic system and cannot be quickly eliminated, which will affect the lubrication of the hydraulic oil, accelerate its oxidation rate, and impact the pressure transmission of the hydraulic system.

腐蝕試驗(yàn)是測(cè)定油品在一定溫度下對(duì)金屬的腐蝕作用。把一塊已磨光好的銅片浸沒在一定量的液壓油樣中，并按產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求加熱到指定的溫度，保持一定的時(shí)間。取出銅片，經(jīng)洗滌后與腐蝕標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色板進(jìn)行比較，確定腐蝕級(jí)別。

The corrosion test measures the corrosive effect of the oil on metal at a certain temperature. A polished copper strip is immersed in a specified amount of hydraulic oil sample, heated to the designated temperature according to product standards, and maintained for a certain period. The copper strip is then removed, washed, and compared with a corrosion standard color chart to determine the corrosion level.